Geschlechts-Krankheiten

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A Novel, Low-Volume Method for Organ Culture of Embryonic Kidneys That Allows Development of Cortico-Medullary Anatomical Organization

Here, we present a novel method for culturing kidneys in low volumes of medium that offers more organotypic development compared to conventional methods. Organ culture is a powerful technique for studying renal development. It recapitulates many aspects of early development very well, but the established techniques have some disadvantages: in particular, they require relatively large volumes (1–3 mls) of culture medium, which can make high-throughput screens expensive, they require porous (filter) substrates which are difficult to modify chemically, and the organs produced do not achieve good cortico-medullary zonation. Here, we present a technique of growing kidney rudiments in very low volumes of medium–around 85 microliters–using silicone chambers. In this system, kidneys grow directly on glass, grow larger than in conventional culture and develop a clear anatomical cortico-medullary zonation with extended loops of Henle

Electrophoretic production of “reactive” axon swellings in vitro and their histochemical properties

Application of a longitudinal current to fresh unfixed nerves produced, in 2 hrs, various types of axon swellings which were indistinguishable from reactive axon swellings in pathological material. Production of these swellings depended on an adequate time of exposure, an adequate current, and a local injury to the fiber. In electrophoretically produced axon swellings, many oxidative enzymes accumulated such as: DPN-diaphorase, TPN-diaphorase, cytochrome oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase. Alkaline and acid phosphatase did not accumulate in axonal swellings. There was also an accumulation of mitochondria, lipids (probably in mitochondrial membranes), proteins, carbohydrates, and ribonucleic acid. This array of substances was identical with that found in reactive axonal swellings produced both experimentally and pathologically in vivo. Axoplasm in reactive axon swellings that were produced in vivo showed the same electrophoretic convection as axoplasm of normal fibers. Accumulation of substances in an axon swelling can result from a confined local shift of axoplasm; it does not inherently indicate a changed rate of production by the nerve cell. Physiological currents in the tissue may well be responsible for the development of “reactive” axon swellings, as well as for the normal convection of axoplasm. Die Anwendung von Längsdurchströmung auf frische, unfixierte Nerven erzeugt nach 2 Std verschiedene Arten von Axonschwellungen, welche von reaktiven Axonschwellungen in pathologischem Material nicht unterscheidbar sind. Die Erzeugung dieser Schwellungen hängt von der adäquaten Zeit des Stromdurchflusses, von adäquaten Stromkonstanten und von der lokalen Schädigung der Faser ab.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47223/1/401_2004_Article_BF00684397.pd

Transglutaminase in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Abstr.

On the base of new boundary-value problem for the Eilenberger function we investigate the superconducting and magnetic states in ferromagnet/ superconductor (FM/S) nanostructures, where superconductivity is a superposition of the BCS pairing with zero total momentum in the S layers and the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) pairing with nonzero 3D coherent momentum k in the FM layers. We originally study the interplay between the BCS and FFLO states in the pure thin FM/S/FM trilayers and two novel π-phase superconducting states with electronelectron repulsion in the FM layers are predicted. The modulated FFLO states are possible in such trilayers only in presence of external magnetic field at suitable parameters of the FM and S layers. In the FM/S superlattices there are also two π-phase magnetic states (0π and ππ) with compensation of the exchange field paramagnetic effect. This fact allows us to explain a surprisingly high Tc ∼ 5K in the short period Gd/La superlattice and to predict the sign and value of the electron-electron interaction in the ferromagnetic Gd metal